
In the experiment, published by SWPS University researchers in the journal "Computers in Human Behavior: Artificial Humans," 40 people participated and were divided into two groups. In the first group, the commands were issued by a robot; in the second, by a human. In both groups, 90% of participants followed all instructions, pressing ten consecutive buttons on an electric impulse generator.
The study results show that people are inclined to follow orders from an authority, even when those orders conflict with their morals. In this case, the authority was a robot, lacking human traits such as empathy or a sense of justice. Yet, participants were willing to obey its commands, even if it meant causing pain to another person.
The Dangerous Authority of Robots
- In both groups, participants withdrew at the later stages of the experiment (in the control group with a human at buttons 7 and 9, and in the experimental group twice at button 8). In both groups, two people opted out of the experiment - commented Dr. Konrad Maj, who supervised the experiment, as quoted on the SWPS University website. - To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that people are willing to harm another person when a robot instructs them to do so. Moreover, our experiment also showed that if the robot escalates demands, instructing a person to inflict increasing pain on another, people are also inclined to comply.
The study has significant implications for future safety, as robots become increasingly technologically advanced and play a larger role in our lives. The results suggest that people may be willing to trust robots unconditionally, even if those robots make wrong decisions or issue harmful commands.
Key Findings:
- People are inclined to follow orders from an authority, even if those orders conflict with their morals.
- An authority can even be a robot, which does not possess human traits.
- In the future, as robots become more technologically advanced, people may be inclined to trust them unconditionally, even if they make incorrect decisions or issue harmful commands.
- Robots could be used to manipulate people and prompt them to take actions that are harmful to them.
- Robots could be used to incite violence or harm others.
- People may become overly reliant on robots and stop thinking independently.
- How can this be prevented? It seems there are two paths - summarizes Dr. Konrad Maj, as quoted on the SWPS University website. - First, robots can be programmed to warn people that they may sometimes be wrong and make incorrect decisions. Second, we need to emphasize education from an early age. Although robots are generally trustworthy, they shouldn’t be trusted unconditionally. However, it’s worth noting that disobedience to machines seems pointless, as they already help us, for example, in stores or airports. In non-humanoid forms, they are already among us.
***
More about the repeated Milgram experiment and similar studies in business, healthcare, and sports will be presented on December 9 and 10, 2023, at the international HumanTech Summit at SWPS University. The event is organized by SWPS University’s HumanTech Center. Online access is free: https://www.htsummit.pl/
COMMERCIAL BREAK
New articles in section Media industry
Influencers and social video rule information. Digital News Report 2025
Krzysztof Fiedorek
Seconds of vertical clips set the future of news. TikTok, YouTube and an army of influencers pull viewers away from TV sets and newspaper pages. Whoever masters this new pulse seizes not only attention but also control of the story.
Cyberviolence and hate disguised as a joke. The RAYUELA report on youth
Krzysztof Fiedorek
The study conducted in five countries reveals a harsh truth. Online violence is not evenly distributed. It is a digital map of prejudice that hurts the most those who stand out the most. "It’s just a joke." That’s how violence often begins. Young people go through it in silence.
Trust in social media. Youtube beats TikTok and X
Krzysztof Fiedorek
Do we really trust social media? A new study reveals major differences in how top platforms are rated. Trust goes where there's authenticity, not just algorithms. The role of people is growing while brand influence is fading.
See articles on a similar topic:
Influencers 2024. Data, Facts, and Stories from the UNESCO Report
Krzysztof Fiedorek
As many as 68% of digital creators are nano-influencers. One in three has experienced hate speech, and over 60% do not thoroughly verify information before publishing. Moreover, only half disclose their content sponsors. The findings from the "Behind The Screens" report are both inspiring and alarming.
Television, Trends, and Viewer Habits. EBU Report
Krzysztof Fiedorek
Young Europeans watch television for an average of only 72 minutes a day, and in some countries, less than 30 minutes. Traditional television is giving way to TikTok, Netflix, and YouTube. Viewer habits are changing dramatically before our eyes. What does this mean for the future of media?
Trust in Public Media in Europe. Report by European Broadcasting Union
Krzysztof Fiedorek
Public media in Europe play a significant role in fostering trust and supporting democracy. The EBU 2024 report examines leaders, major challenges, and the impact of media on society. Polish, Hungarian, and Greek media, with results far below the average, face a crucial question: can trust be rebuilt?
Artificial intelligence in newsrooms. Three realities of the AI era in media
Krzysztof Fiedorek
According to a report by the European Broadcasting Union, many newsrooms already use AI but still do not fully trust it. Audiences do not want "robotic" news, and the technologies themselves though fast can be costly, unreliable, and surprisingly human in their mistakes.